The American Wisdom Series

Presents
Pamphlet # 322

"The Rest Of The Story.....16th Amendment"

by Beaver Cole
 bcole@longview.net

      Now You Know The Rest Of The Story
      The income tax amendment was pushed through Congress in 1909
by Sen. Nelson Aldrich, father-in-law of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
and grandfather and namesake of Nelson A. Rockefeller.
      At this time during the Taft administration,
Philander Knox served as the Secretary of State from 1909 to 1913.
Knox was for many years the primary attorney for the richest men in America,
including Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan and the Vanderbilt's.
Just a few days before he left office in 1913,
      to make way for the Wilson administration,
Knox proclaimed the 16th Amendment to be ratified,
even though he knew it had not been legally ratified.
The 16th Amendment was not ratified as Knox had fraudulently proclaimed.
      Ratified or not, the United States Supreme Court has ruled:
"...[the 16th Amendment] conferred no new power of taxation...
[and]...prohibited the...power of income taxation
possessed by Congress from the beginning from being taken out of the category
of indirect taxation to which it inherently belonged...
". – United States Supreme Court in Stanton v. Baltic Mining (1916)

      Article V of the U.S. Constitution controls the amending process,
which requires that three-fourths of the states ratify any amendment proposed by Congress.
In 1913, there were 48 States in the American union,
so to adopt any amendment required the affirmative act of 36 states.
      The federal government claimed Kentucky
was the second state to ratify the 16th Amendment, on Feb. 8, 1910.
However, the records of the State of Kentucky show that
after the Kentucky House proposed a resolution to adopt the amendment
and sent it to the Senate, on Feb. 8, 1910 the Kentucky Senate voted upon that resolution,
but rejected it by a vote of 9 in favor and 22 opposed.
Apparently, the Kentucky Senate never did ratify that amendment.

Federal officials, who had possession of documents showing this rejection,
      nevertheless claimed Kentucky had ratified the amendment.

In Oklahoma, the proposed amendment was passed
by the language of the 16th Amendment in such a fashion
as to have a precisely opposite meaning.

The California legislative assembly never recorded any vote
upon any proposal to adopt the 16th Amendment.
And whatever California did adopt bore no resemblance to what Congress had proposed.
Several states engaged in the unauthorized activity of amending
the language of the amendment proposed by Congress,
a power that these states did not possess.

Minnesota sent nothing to the Secretary of State in Washington,
but this did not stop Philander Knox
      from claiming that Minnesota ratified the amendment,
regardless of the absence of any documentation from the State of Minnesota.

In February 1913, Knox issued a proclamation claiming that 38 states
had ratified the amendment – including Kentucky, California, and Oklahoma.
But since Kentucky had rejected the amendment,
California had not voted on it,
      and Oklahoma wanted something entirely different,
the amendment was not legally adopted,
the number of ratifying States being only 35,
which Knox said included Kentucky, California and Oklahoma.

Then a total of 11 states failed to vote on the amendment,
plus Minnesota sent in nothing.
That would only leave 33 states,
less the states that took it upon themselves to change the amendment.

In the final analysis,
if the process of the adoption of the 16th Amendment is subjected to strict legal scrutiny,
the amendment was never adopted.
Knox told a boldface lie.
Thus, Knox had created his clients’
the largest cartel in the world.
Nevertheless, the people were not buying into
the tax scheme, ever so cognizant that a 1894 income-tax was declared
      unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1895.

During World War I, the secretary of the Treasury
explicitly suggested use of "widespread propaganda"
to convince the public to forgo their "needless pleasures".
The Treasury Department implemented what it called a
"campaign of education" regarding the income tax.
Its "essential features" included government-supplied news stories and editorials
as well as encouragement of special cartoons and films.
Perhaps the most intriguing feature was its use of the clergy.
The commissioner of Internal Revenue reported that
"Thousands of clergymen, at the suggestion of the Bureau,
made taxation the subject of at least one sermon."
As a result of the "patriotic response" aroused
      "dissatisfaction and complaint over the burden imposed by taxation were minimized."

Government officials commented that "the groundwork was laid for
      securing in ensuing years of prompt and regular response to revenue demands."
      To perpetuate its success, the Bureau of Internal Revenue advocated
"the most intensive cultivation of intelligent public opinion"
(U.S. Treasury Department 1919: 964-65, 974).

      The citizens of America still didn't buy into the scheme of income tax
      allowing politicians to coerce them out of their hard earned money.
But the greedy politicians would not give up.
To increase public awareness and acceptance of the income tax,
the government used volunteer public speakers
      to persuade the American people that paying taxes
was their patriotic duty to support the war effort.
One-third of the cost of World War I was paid for by income taxes.
Additional funds needed for the war effort were provided  through war bonds,
liberty loans and other government borrowing.

At the beginning of World War II, in 1939
about 15 % of the people paid income tax.
That's all!

The government called on Walt Disney
to produce a cartoon to support the war effort.
Disney agreed and made a cartoon with Donald Duck.
The cartoon urged the average American to save,
not spend, their money...but to pay income tax to support the war.
(Cartoon): You don't wanna forget our fighting men, do you laddy?
Donald: "No, Sir!!!" Then you'll have to meet your tax payments...
Donald also informed, "that it is Ëœyour privilege,
not just your duty,
but your privilege to help your government by paying your tax
and paying it promptlyâ„¢."
More than 32 million people saw the film in the first few months of 1942,
and a Gallup poll reported that "37 percent felt the film had affected their willingness to pay taxes.
" Without doubt, such government propaganda
manipulated political information in ways that raised
the expected marginal cost of income tax resistance.
Revenues increased dramatically.
In 1941 the government collected $7.4 billion in taxes.
By 1945, the tax total had increased to $43 billion.
At the end of the war the government had 80% of American families paying income tax.
The willingness to pay income taxes and to buy more bonds
demonstrated the deep involvement of the civilians caring and support to the military.

Politicians had at last found the key to the unyielding pocket books of America.
As the president and Congress imposed ever higher income taxes,
tax payment was wrapped in patriotism and remains so today:
the Korean War,
the Cold War,
the Vietnam War,
the Gulf War,
wars fought on behalf of the United Nations,

Defense systems, supporting foreign governments
in the name of freedom, etc.
      Sixty years later nothing has changed;
Americans are still paying taxes and being dumbed down
by propaganda provided by the governments and the controlled media.

Docile as we may be, with fluoride in our drinking water,
      we are entertained with sports, recreation, movies,
and just about anything else you can name all for sanctioning taxation.
Public education being controlled by governments
has also played a key role in developing a
      subservient citizen towards taxation and government.

To prove this point we need only to look at what we are being told today.

The government says "Budget Surplus,"
a normal person would say, "No, Excessive Taxation",
or "Abusive Taxation".

The government says it's "their money",
a normal person would say, "No, it's my money!"

The government doesn't trust you with "your money",
and therefore must decide on how it will be spent.
And being a people fearful of the tyrants in government,
we say nothing.

      The National Taxpayer's Union says that taxes have gone up
175,000% in the last 83 years.

Thomas Jefferson warned:
"Single acts of tyranny may be ascribed to the accidental opinion of a day.
But a series of oppressions,
      begun at a distinguished period,
and pursued unalterably through every change of ministers,
too plainly proves a deliberate systematic plan of reducing us to slavery."

And I say that 132 million Taxpayers
CAN tell 435 Congressman,
      100 Senators
and 1 President WHAT TO DO!

Let's make April 15th just another great spring day.

The truth is there is no Constitutional law for income tax
      as it is applied to the masses today.

     This"American Wisdom Series"pamphlet

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